If the wood was previously polished with any kind of wax, like beeswax, pledge etc, a waterbased paint will flake off. this will look 'grubby'.
if not previously waxed,if the paint is waterbased emulsion or 'wall paint', the wood will suck it in like a sponge leaving a rough surface which dust will lodge in, especailly if you wipe it.
If the wood was waxed,wait till the wood is completely dry and then scrub or 'sand' off the paint with dry wire wool.or use a sander if you have it.
this will be easier than you think as the paint will not stick to the waxed wood.Then wipe the wood with a rag soaked in white spirits to get rid of the wax.let it dry.
Then prime it with an oil based primer for wood .
If the wood was pristine, the emulsion will do as a primer though it wont give as good a final finish as wood primer for oil based paint will give.It will be good enough and less bother, leave it.
Then paint your final desired colour using an oil based gloss.Read about how to paint with gloss paint, its not as straightforward as emulsion.have some white spirit to clean up splashes and brushes.
Dust dosent settle on the shiny gloss finish as much as it does on a stickier wax finish or a porous waterbased paint finish.
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